This review examines the impact of dust on PV performance and evaluates cleaning approaches, including electrostatic removal, super hydrophobic and super hydrophilic coatings, surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology, robotic systems, and manual methods. This article explains how snow affects PV performance, when snow removal makes sense, which methods are suitable, and what to consider to. Dust accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) modules is a major factor contributing to reduced power output, lower efficiency, and accelerated material degradation, particularly in arid and industrialized regions. In regions such as the Middle East where dust is prevalent and rainfall is scarce.
