A review article on recycling of solar PV modules, with more than 971GWdc of PV modules installed globally by the end of 2021 which includes already cumulative installed 788 GW of capacity installed through 2020 and addition of 183 GW in 2021, EOL management is important for all PV technologies to ensure clean energy solutions are a sustainable component of the energy economy for future generations.A review article on recycling of solar PV modules, with more than 971GWdc of PV modules installed globally by the end of 2021 which includes already cumulative installed 788 GW of capacity installed through 2020 and addition of 183 GW in 2021, EOL management is important for all PV technologies to ensure clean energy solutions are a sustainable component of the energy economy for future generations.With solar PV playing an increasing role in our global energy market, it is now timely and critical to understand the end-of-life management of the solar panels. Recycling the panels can be an important pathway, possibly recovering a considerable number of materials and adding economic benefits from currently installed solar panels.Sustainable waste management offers opportunities known as the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, and recycle. When a product cannot be repaired or reused, recycling is the next preferable option before disposing as waste.By 2050, 60 million tonne of solar waste will be there if it is not recycled properly. Their view offers an in-depth assessment and the various technical aspects of the solar panel waste recycling and recovery, environmental safety. Waste managementRecycling of solar modulesSolar PVEnergy solutions and environmental impactPV PhotovoltaicEOL End of lifeIRENA International Renewable Energy AgencyGWP Global-warming potentialWEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic EquipmentCdTe Solar panels have a lifetime of about 20–30 years [,, ]. With the increasing number of solar panels being sold and installed globally and due to the falling cost of solar has made renewable energy accessible to more people than ever before and has resulted in an exponential increase in solar adoption. With greater than 971GWdc of PV modules cumulatively installed globally in 2021, EOL management is important for all PV technologies to ensure clean energy solutions are a sustainable component of the energy economy for future generations (see Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, Table 21, Fig. 32).Within the coming years, excessive volumes of solar panels will be at the EOL and ought to be disposed of.At the end of 2050, cumulative global PV waste streams are predicted to have reached 60–78 MT (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3),. Increasing PV waste brings new environmental bottlenecks and unparalleled opportunities to generate value and seek new economic avenues. By 2030 the top three countries for cumulative projected PV waste are projected to include China, Germany and Japan.In the United States, the SEIA initiated a national voluntary solar module recy. •1.Solar modules are connected in series to form a string. Different strings are connected in parallel to form a solar array.•2.Modules are added in series to increase the voltage level.•3.Individual strings are connected in parallel to form a solar array.•4.Inverter input MPPT channels and string connections to be checked from the data sheet of the inverter.•5.As.
