The article provides an overview of photovoltaic (PV) cell characteristics and key performance parameters, focusing on current-voltage behavior, energy conversion efficiency, and factors influencing output power. In the 1950s, PV cells were initially used for space applications to power satellites, but in the 1970s, they began also to be used for terrestrial applications. Today, PV. upply,and it does not consistently provide the maximum power output. Classification of photovoltaic technologies [18, 19, 20, 21]. Solar panels, also called PV panels, are combined into arrays in a PV system. The Solar Cell I-V Characteristic Curves shows the current and voltage (I-V) characteristics of a particular photovoltaic (PV) cell, module or array.